Hi everyone, Machineries play a pivotal role in the construction industry. They reduce the time, and power and also prevent the loss of life in some situations. The Various types of machinery used in construction such as,
- Excavators
- Dozers
- Backhoe Loader
- Grader
- Wheel Tractor Scraper
- Pile Boring Equipment
- Pile Driving Equipment
- Telehandlers
- Tower Crane
- Compactor
- Paver
- Dump Truck
- Feller Bunchers
- Loaders
EXCAVATOR
Excavation is one of the important parts of construction. Since ancient times this process has been very labor-consuming at the same time it is very risky if we need to make big trenches because of the possibility of the sliding of the earth into the pit or the trench. To prevent this kind of loss of life many inventions were made over some time to fasten the excavation many different types of excavators were developed. let us see these different types of excavators
- Crawler excavator
- Wheeled excavator
- Dragline excavator
- Suction excavator
- Skid Steer excavator
- Long Reach excavator
- Mini excavator
Crawler Excavator
The Crawler excavator was slower than the wheeled excavator but the track wheels of the crawler are very stable in terrains that are uneven or steep slopes. They are very stable for many kinds of uneven land situations. They can also be used for muddy surfaces like dredging of lakes or near sea shore. These types of excavators are mainly used for mining, Landscape leveling, and trench digging.
Wheeled Excavator
The Wheeled excavator as the name suggests has wheels instead of tracks. These kinds of excavators move faster than the crawlers and are suitable for soft and smooth surfaces because of their less traction with the surface they are not suitable for slope and hilly terrain. They are very good usable excavators in flat and hard soil. This kind of excavator is mostly used for the excavation of the foundation of a building with flat, stable, and hard soil. This kind of excavator is mostly used in Urban projects.
Dragline Excavator
The Dragline excavators use a Hoist rope system. In these excavators, the bucket connected between the cabin and the hoist via a dragline. Now the bucket is dragged between the base i.e. the cabin and the hoist along the ground or the terrain that needs to be excavated. Due to the self-weight and the drag created, the soil is excavated. This type of excavator was used for large-volume construction activities like canal dredging. Since the bucket size is too big the setup is assembled on the site and dismantled and transported for the next work where they need to be reassembled on site for further use.
Suction Excavator
The suction excavator also known as the vacuum excavator that are used for precise excavation of a small area. These excavators work in tandem with a hydraulic jet at their starting end that cuts the earth below and the suction pipe sucks the debris from underground to the surface. Hence these excavators are also called underground excavators or hydraulic excavators. Construction companies mostly use this excavator to reduce area damage since suction excavators reduce the damage to the area excavating by half.
Skid steer excavators are mainly used for site & debris cleaning. Because of their small size, they can be used for even narrow areas of work.
Long-reach excavators are used to reach unreachable and hazardous areas such as demolition works over bridges etc. It has a long boom and can reach up to 100ft horizontally. Since the size of the boom is so long it can't be used for small or narrow projects. It can also be used for high-elevated construction activities and sometimes in mining operations.
Mini Excavator
These excavators the smaller or miniature versions of standard excavators. More contractors use this kind of excavator because of its lower surface damage and easy maneuverability in narrow areas of the site. They are very helpful in performing smaller size of works the only drawback is that if we need to perform larger areas of excavation it will take more time or we need to move on to larger-sized excavators.
Excavators were used for various versatile functions. The various parts of the excavators perform different kinds of functions such as,
1. Cabin - Provides safety for the driver/operator and control of the excavator.
2. Hydraulic System - Helps in the movement of the arm of the excavator.
3. Counterweight - To counter the weight of the front load greatly helps in the balance of the excavator.
4. Track or Wheel - Helps in the Maneuverability or traction of the excavator.
5. Bucket - This helps in the excavation and holding of the weight and for the movement of the excavated soil.
In some cases, the bucket will be replaced with an auger, breaker, clamp, and Coupler.
Bucket - Steel attachment with teeth-like edges used for digging and scooping purposes. Ditching Bucket - used for stone grading & Trenching Bucket - To dig trenches.
Auger - Allows you to bore the ground. It has a hydraulic mechanism that will help in drilling deep holes we can make holes up to 32 feet. It comes in different sizes such as 4 inches to 50 inches. They are very useful in pile foundations.
Breaker - These are the bigger versions of the Jack Hammer. These were used for the breaking of large stones and concrete works. They can produce a high amount of impact energy.
Clamp - Excavators can also be used for the lifting of heavy weights that are bigger than the bucket size. A clamp can be used in such cases to lift such kind of heavyweight. The clamp can be used along with the bucket or individually.
Coupler - A Coupler becomes very handy if there are frequent changes between Bucker, Auger, Beaker, and Clamp. if a coupler is attached to the arm of the excavator. The change can be done with minimal or even without crew members. It really helps in increasing the productivity of the excavator.
BULL DOZER
In the construction industry, the dozers play an essential and frequent role in the leveling and movement of soil and debris. This equipment becomes more and more helpful and used if the place or space in the construction area is less because the movement of the materials becomes more frequent in such a situation. There are various kinds of Dozers out there. But you need to select the type of dozers based on the terrain you will work with and the type of the project.
- Crawler Dozers
- Wheel Dozers
- Mini Dozers
Crawler Dozers
The crawler dozers are the dozers on track wheels. The track wheels give them a superior grip and traction. This type of dozer is useful for uneven and muddy surfaces and rough terrain. These were heavyweight champions since they could move very heavy loads. Some of these Crawler Dozers may have rippers to assist with crushing and cleaning dense terrain.
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| Crawler Dozer with Ripper |
Ideal Work Sites - Fields, Plains, and areas with irregular land.
Wheel Dozer
These Dozers will have Larger wheels in place of tracks. These wheels were mostly fitted with hydraulic steering for better handling. Because of their better handling, they are used extensively on Soft and Concrete surfaces.
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| Wheel Dozer |
Mini Dozer
The Mini Dozers were used for small projects and in narrow spaces. They are used for their maneuverability and versatility. These were very suitable for works like grading and clearing lots.
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| Mini Dozer |
BACK HOE LOADER
Backhoe Loader is the amalgamation i.e. a combination of both the excavator and loading bucket or Dozer. As the name suggests it has a backhoe with a bucket for excavation and a loading bucket for loading the excavated material. Sometimes these front buckets can act as dozers and leveling. This Bucket comes in different capacities. The bucket can be changed according to the requirement.
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| Back Hoe Loader |
GRADERS
Graders were used extensively for leveling purposes. This machine has a very long blade between the rear and front wheels. The driver's cabin will be just above the rear wheel. So the Diver can easily see the blade to position it to the requirement. Graders were mainly used in the construction of roads where a large area needed to be leveled. Various types of graders with different blade lengths and engine capacities were available. For hard soil surfaces, more powerful engines were used for leveling with graders.
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| Grader |
WHEEL TRACTOR SCRAPER
This equipment is mainly used to level the soil surface and at the same time collect the excess soil. The front part of this equipment is like that of a tractor to pull the rear part the rear part has a Blade when lowered to the desired level flatten the soil surface and remove the excess soil the soil is collected in a hopper using a conveyor belt. When the hopper is full the soil in the hopper can be loaded in a truck to other areas. So it is a combination of a grader with soil collection.
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| Wheel Tractor Scraper |
TRENCHERS
Trenchers are used to dig trenches in the soil for pipe laying, Pile Laying, and Cable laying purposes. There are two types of trenches Chain Trencher and Wheel Trencher. Chain Trenchers were used for soft soils and loose soil. Whereas Wheel trenchers were suitable for hard soil.
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| Chain Trencher |
PILE BORING EQUIPEMNT
Pile Boring equipment is very specialized equipment that is used to create the holes for the pile in the ground for the pile foundation. These Piles were boring equipment that came in various sizes and in various depths. The Diameter of the Pile equipment can be changed in some equipment or it may be standard in some cases. These were mainly used for precast pile works.
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| Pile Boring Equipment |
PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT
This equipment was used to drive the pile to the desired depth. The equipment can lift, Hold, and drive the pile deep into the ground. There are two types of pile drivers such as piling rigs and pilling hammers. In the case of Hammer pilling the hammering process can be made with the help of a hydraulic system or by dropping a weight under gravity.
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| Pile Driver |
TELEHANDLERS
This equipment is used for lifting heavy material or for providing a platform for workers who work at greater heights of the building. It has a telescopic hydraulic boom that can be raised to the desired level. The end of the telescopic arm can be fitted with a bucket, cabin lifting jibs, Stabilizers, etc.
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| Telehandler |
TOWER CRANE
Tower cranes were used to lift heavy objects like precast concrete blocks or steel frames or to lift material to high-rise buildings for further construction purposes. The Tower crane consists of a central vertical arm through which the crane moves up and down. At the back of the jib with counterweight at the back. And an operator cabin for operating the tower crane.
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| Tower Crane |
COMPACTORS
Compactors are used for compacting the soil and asphalt layer. The Compactors consist of a roller and a vibrating mechanism in the roller so that by vibrating the roller the soil asphalt or the particles below the roller gets compacted. There are various types of rollers were used for various purposes. For Deep compaction of soil, the sheep-footed rolling compactor is used. For soft soil Smooth footed rolling compactor is used. For well-graded soil and asphalt surface pneumatic tyred roller can be used.
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| Pneumatic tired Roller |
PAVER
Pavers are special equipment that were used for laying the asphalt roads. With the help of the pavers, we can construct longer stretches of road in a shorter period. The Asphalt needs to be loaded with the help of a dump truck or by a means into the paver then the paver lays down the asphalt road with slight compaction. The compaction done by the pavers was not enough so a roller will always be used for well grading and compaction of the roads.
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| Paver |
DUMP TRUCKS
Transportation of materials plays a very important role in the construction. Dump trucks were used to shift or transport large quantities of material within the construction site or to places outside the construction space. There are various types of dump trucks. In the majority of high-profile construction activity off-road dump trucks were used which have huge wheels that could do the transportation work whatever the ground conditions were.
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| Dump Truck |
FELLER BUNCHER
This equipment as the name states fells the trees by cutting them trees on the construction side but at the same time holds the trees without falling them on the ground with its hydraulic arm and also bunches the cut trees in bunches which makes the job easier for the loader and transportation purpose.
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| Feller Buncher |
LOADERS
Loaders were used to load the materials into the dump trucks or in some other transporting vehicles. The materials may be debris or maybe excavated soil or demolished concrete debris. Loaders have a very huge font bucket with a small hydraulic arm for loading the materials. There are two types of loaders wheeled loaders and crawler loaders. The majority of the time wheeled rollers were used in some cases where the wheels weren't able to do the job crawler loaders were used to finish the work. The Wheels were very huge to take such kind of load.
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| Loader |
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